Cognitive-behavioral therapy emphasizes thinking in how we feel about what we do. In short, our thoughts play a key role in influencing what we feel and do. CBT is considered to be a shorter term, and therefore more cost-effective therapy that has been well supported in the research.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychotherapy treatment that was originally designed to alleviate the distress associated with traumatic memories (Shapiro, 1989a, 1989b). EMDR is a transformative process that brings old negative and distressing memories to neutral ground. After successful treatment with EMDR, affective distress and symptoms are relieved, and negative beliefs are reformulated. After 16 published studies, EMDR is in the “A” category for treatment of trauma. It is now considered a mainstream method of treatment, critical in working with clients experiencing post trauma.

Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) is a system of therapy originally designed by Marsha M. Lindehan, a psychology researcher at the University of Washington, designed to treat people with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). DBT is a combination of standard cognitive-behavioral techniques for emotional regulation and reality-testing with concepts of distress tolerance and acceptance. It uses mindful awareness techniques largely derived from Buddist meditative practice.